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Survival International is a human rights organisation formed in 1969 that campaigns for the rights of indigenous tribal peoples and uncontacted peoples. The organisation's campaigns generally focus on tribal peoples' desires to keep their ancestral lands. Survival International calls these peoples "some of the most vulnerable on earth", and aims to eradicate what it calls "misconceptions" used to justify violations of human rights. It also aims to publicize the perceived risks that tribes face from the actions of corporations and governments. Survival International is guided by the principle that tribal ways of living are not deficient, but in fact are desirable and should be maintained. This stance has led to criticism from some quarters, with Ian Khama, President of Botswana, stating that Survival International is "denying them and especially their children opportunities to grow with the mainstream", forcing indigenous peoples into maintaining "a very backward form of life". Survival International is in association with the Department of Public Information (DPI) at the United Nations and in consultative status with the United Nations Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC). To ensure freedom of action, Survival accepts no government funding. It is a founding member and a signatory organization of the ''International NGO Accountability Charter'' (INGO Accountability Charter). Survival has offices in Amsterdam, Berlin, London, Madrid, Milan, Paris and San Francisco. ==History== Survival International was founded in 1969 after an article by Norman Lewis in the UK's ''Sunday Times'' Magazine〔Norman Lewis, “Genocide,” Sunday Times Magazine, 23 February 1969, pp. 34-59.〕 highlighted the massacres, land thefts and genocide taking place in Brazilian Amazonia.〔(Survival International website - About Us )〕 It incorporated as an English company in 1972, and registered as a charity in 1974. According to the autobiography of its first president, the explorer Robin Hanbury-Tenison, while travelling with the ethnobotanist Dr Conrad Gorinsky in the Amazon in 1968,〔Hanbury-Tenison, 1991. pp 125–126〕 It was the first in this field to use mass letter-writing, having orchestrated several campaigns in many different places throughout the world, such as Siberia, Canada and Kenya. Several campaigns were able to bring change to government policies regarding the rights of local indigenous people. In 2000, this form of struggle was successful in driving the Indian government to abandon their plan to relocate the isolated Jarawa tribe, after receiving 150-200 letters a day from Survival supporters around the world. Shortly before that, the governor of western Siberia imposed a five-year ban on in the territory of the Yugan Khanty within weeks of Survival issuing a bulletin.〔 Survival was also the first organisation to draw attention to the destructive effects of World Bank projects – now recognised as a major cause of suffering in many poor countries.〔 Survival is the only international pro-tribal peoples organisation to have received the Right Livelihood Award, as well as the Spanish 'Premio Léon Felipe' and the Italian 'Medaglia della Presidenza della Camera dei Deputati'.〔〔(The Right Livelihood Award - Survival International (1989) )〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Survival International」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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